feat(lineage): Phase 2 — materialized view + throttled refresh + UI staleness

dict-relationships-v2 epic, Phase 2. Precomputed reverse FK index +
throttled refresh + feature flag + UI staleness badge. Migration катится
всегда; query path активируется через ordinis.lineage.mv.enabled=true.

Backend:
- Liquibase 0016: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW record_dependents_index +
  UNIQUE INDEX(source_record_id, source_field) (REQUIRED для REFRESH
  CONCURRENTLY) + composite indices для record-level и schema-level lookup.
  Plus lineage_mv_meta table — single-row tracking (last_refreshed_at,
  duration_ms, row_count, status, error).
- DependentsQueryMv (interface impl, @Primary + @ConditionalOnProperty)
  — один SQL query через MV вместо N JSONB lookups (по одному per
  source dict).
- MaterializedViewRefreshService:
  * @Scheduled refresh каждые ordinis.lineage.mv.refresh-interval-sec
    (default 60). Storm prevention: AtomicReference guard для in-flight,
    cooldown через ordinis.lineage.mv.min-interval-sec (default 30).
  * REFRESH CONCURRENTLY с fallback на plain REFRESH когда MV пустой
    (initial state). Не блокирует concurrent reads.
  * MvGateway interface (extracted из-за JDK 25 + Mockito incompat для
    concrete JdbcTemplate). Production: JdbcMvGateway (nested static).
- LineageIndexService теперь возвращает LineageMeta в RecordDependentsPage
  — mvEnabled, lastRefreshedAt, lastStatus, lastDurationMs. Optional<MV>
  inject — works без MV (mvEnabled=false, всё null).

Tests:
- MaterializedViewRefreshServiceTest (9 tests):
  * scheduledRefresh first time → REFRESH CONCURRENTLY
  * skip when within cooldown
  * refreshNow throws RefreshThrottledException when throttled
  * refresh succeeds после cooldown
  * fallback на plain REFRESH когда CONCURRENTLY fails
  * STORM PREVENTION (R2): 100 concurrent refresh attempts → ровно 1
    actual refresh (via cooldown + in-flight guard)
  * lastRefresh returns meta correctly
  * updates lineage_mv_meta after refresh (status=ok)
  * updates with error если оба refresh'а fail (status=error)

Admin UI:
- RecordDependentsPage type расширен LineageMeta { mvEnabled,
  lastRefreshedAt, lastStatus, lastDurationMs }.
- RecordDependentsPanel показывает staleness badge "обновлено N мин
  назад" если MV active + last refresh > 2 min ago. Tooltip объясняет
  что closed-between-refreshes records отфильтрованы query-side.
- i18n RU/EN: lineage.refs.{stale, staleHint}.

Verify:
- mvn -pl ordinis-rest-api -am test: 98/98 PASS (+9 new MV tests).
- mvn verify -pl '!ordinis-app': все модули SUCCESS (9.3s).
- pnpm tsc --noEmit: clean.
- pnpm test (vitest): 89/89 PASS.

Deploy strategy:
- Migration катится автоматом (initial REFRESH < 5 min на 5k records).
- Query path остаётся JSONB direct (Phase 1) до явного flip flag'а
  ordinis.lineage.mv.enabled=true. Это позволит верифицировать MV
  корректность на staging без риска для prod.
- После flip: refresh каждые 60 sec, stale window <= 2 min обычно.

ordinis-admin-ui/src/api/client.ts

@@ -276,6 +276,16 @@ export type PerSourceSummary = {
   count: number
 }
 
+export type LineageMeta = {
+  /** True если backend использует materialized view; false — JSONB direct (fresh). */
+  mvEnabled: boolean
+  /** ISO timestamp последнего успешного MV refresh; null если MV выключена / never. */
+  lastRefreshedAt: string | null
+  /** "ok" | "error" | "never" — null если mvEnabled=false. */
+  lastStatus: string | null
+  lastDurationMs: number | null
+}
+
 export type RecordDependentsPage = {
   targetDict: string
   targetBusinessKey: string
@@ -284,6 +294,8 @@ export type RecordDependentsPage = {
   total: number
   page: number
   size: number
+  /** Phase 2 dict-relationships-v2: backing data source metadata + staleness. */
+  lineageMeta?: LineageMeta | null
 }
 
 export type WebhookTestPingResult = {

ordinis-admin-ui/src/components/lineage/RecordDependentsPanel.tsx

@@ -52,15 +52,38 @@ export const RecordDependentsPanel = ({ dictionaryName, businessKey }: Props) =>
 
   const totalPages = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(data.total / size))
 
+  // Staleness: show если MV active + last refresh > 2 min ago.
+  // <2 min — fresh enough, не отвлекаем UI'ем.
+  const stale =
+    data.lineageMeta?.mvEnabled && data.lineageMeta.lastRefreshedAt
+      ? Math.max(
+          0,
+          Math.floor(
+            (Date.now() - new Date(data.lineageMeta.lastRefreshedAt).getTime()) /
+              60000,
+          ),
+        )
+      : null
+
   return (
     <section className="space-y-3">
       <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
         <h3 className="text-sm font-primary text-carbon">
           {t('lineage.refs.title')}
         </h3>
-        <span className="text-2xs text-carbon/60">
-          {t('lineage.refs.total', { count: data.total })}
-        </span>
+        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+          {stale !== null && stale >= 2 && (
+            <span
+              className="text-2xs text-carbon/60 px-2 py-0.5 rounded-sm border border-regolith"
+              title={t('lineage.refs.staleHint')}
+            >
+              {t('lineage.refs.stale', { minutes: stale })}
+            </span>
+          )}
+          <span className="text-2xs text-carbon/60">
+            {t('lineage.refs.total', { count: data.total })}
+          </span>
+        </div>
       </div>
 
       {/* Per-source summary chips */}

ordinis-admin-ui/src/i18n.ts

@@ -249,6 +249,8 @@ i18n
           'lineage.refs.field': 'поле {{field}}',
           'lineage.refs.created': 'создана {{when}}',
           'lineage.refs.openSourceRecord': 'Открыть запись {{key}} в источнике',
+          'lineage.refs.stale': 'обновлено {{minutes}} мин назад',
+          'lineage.refs.staleHint': 'Данные из materialized view; обновляются раз в минуту. Закрытые между обновлениями записи отфильтрованы по valid_to.',
           'lineage.onClose.BLOCK': 'block',
           'lineage.onClose.WARN': 'warn',
           'lineage.onClose.CASCADE': 'cascade',
@@ -552,6 +554,8 @@ i18n
           'lineage.refs.field': 'field {{field}}',
           'lineage.refs.created': 'created {{when}}',
           'lineage.refs.openSourceRecord': 'Open referencing record {{key}}',
+          'lineage.refs.stale': 'refreshed {{minutes}} min ago',
+          'lineage.refs.staleHint': 'Data from materialized view, refreshed once per minute. Records closed between refreshes are filtered by valid_to.',
           'lineage.onClose.BLOCK': 'block',
           'lineage.onClose.WARN': 'warn',
           'lineage.onClose.CASCADE': 'cascade',